第三课 NMS的VoIP产品应用介绍 
        
        --IP电话会议服务器 
1. 系统配置
硬件
(1)CG6000C系列:适用于IP电话解决方案的大容量、高性能的开发平台。
作为屡获殊荣的Fusion(tm)产品系列中的新成员,Convergence Generation(tm)(CG)6000C正是这样一个高扩展性、高性能的IP电话解决方案开发平台。与其它有竞争力的IP电话产品相比较,CG 6000C专门解决了低延迟、媒体流处理功能,并由NMS功能强大、设计灵活的软件开发环境Natural Access所支持。
CG6000C是NMS公司专为高密度媒体网关应用而设计生产的,能同时支持H.323和MGCP。
CG6000C提供:
(2)AG4000系列:通用的IP及PSTN数字接口板卡系列,具有PCI或CompactPCI总线接口。适用于高性能电信系统的开发。
NMS的Alliance Generation 4000(AG 4000)系列是带有数字信号处理器(DSP)和数字PSTN接口的PCI和CompactPCI 板,专为开发高性能的通讯系统而设计。它的设计是基于NMS Communications在业界领先的Alliance Generation DSP结构,这种结构集开放的开发环境、丰富的功能特性、高扩展性和不断增强的处理能力等优点于一身。AG 4000系列以其超群的多媒体处理能力服务于广泛的语音和信令应用,是低成本高效益的理想平台。详见www.nmss.com.cn。
软件
        2. IP电话会议服务器介绍
(1)IP会议组件
如图8所示,IP会议包含两个基本组件:IP会议服务器(IP Conference Server)和IP会议客户端(如Netmeeting等)。
在服务器端包含前面的两个硬件平台:CG6000C+AG4000C。构成的系统(CompactPCI结构)如图9所示,配置非常简单。


(2) IP会议重要数据
每次会议呼叫的系统信息和用户信息都必须存储起来。它们包括:
 
       
      
        
(3) IP会议流程
整个IP会议大概过程可以用图10来说明,各子流程均由MGCP/H.323的相关API函数完成。

1. VoIP和传统电话有什么不同,主要优势表现在哪儿?
2. VoIP有哪些标准,各有什么特点?
3. MGCP包含哪些功能? 缩略语
缩略语
| C7 | Common Channel Signaling System No. 7 (also called "SS7") | 
| ISDN | Integrated Services Digital Network | 
| ISUP | Signaling System 7 ISDN User Part | 
| M2PA | MTP Level 2 Peer-to-Peer Adaptation Layer | 
| M2UA | MTP Level 2 User Adaptation Layer | 
| M3UA | MTP Level 3 User Adaptation Layer | 
| MAP | Mobile Application Part | 
| MSPP | Media Stream Processing Protocol(媒体流处理协议) | 
| MSSP | Multi Service Switching Platform(多业务交换平台) | 
| MTP | Signaling System 7 Message Transfer Part | 
| PLMN | Public Land Mobile Network | 
| PSTN | Public Switched Telephone Network | 
| SGCP | Simple Gateway Control Protocol(简单网关控制协议) | 
| SEP | Signaling End Point(信令端结点) | 
| SCP | SS7 Service Control Point(SS7业务控制点) | 
| SS7 | Common Channel Signaling System No. 7 (also called "C7") | 
| SSP | SS7 Service Switching Point (also called a "central office" switch) | 
| STP | SS7 Signal Transfer Point | 
| SUA | SCCP User Adaptation Layer | 
| TCAP | Signaling System 7 Transaction Capabilities Part | 
| TCP | Transmission Control Protocol (often called "TCP/IP") | 
参考资料
 
       
      
        
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
        
          
        
          
          
          
          
          
          
主要网站资源
| IETF | |
| ITU | |
| IMTC | |
| ETSI | |
| NMS - Open Architecture Platform | |
| Archive of many standards docs | |
| MeGaCo Working Group | |
| Home of megaco & sigtran | |
| International Softswitch Consortium | |
| Open Source H.323 Organization | |
| Voice on the Net sponsor | 
VoIP标准汇编
下面的内容来自http://www.protocols.com/voip/standards.htm。
ITUT 标准和建议
| H.323 V2 | Packet-based multimedia communications systems | 
| H.225.0 | Call signaling protocols and media stream packetization for packet-based multimedia (includes Q.931 and RAS) | 
| H.225.0 Annex G | Gatekeeper to gatekeeper (inter-domain) communications | 
| H.245 | Control protocol for multimedia communications | 
| H.235 | Security and encryption for H-series multimedia terminals | 
| H.450.x | Supplementary services for multimedia:(多媒体补充业务) 1. H.323补充业务所支持的一般功能Generic functional protocol 2. 呼叫转移Call transfer 3. 遇忙娱乐Diversion 4. 保持Hold 5. Park & pickup 6. 呼叫等待Call waiting 7. 消息指示Message waiting indication | 
| H.323 Annex D | Real-time fax using T.38 | 
| H.323 Annex E | Call connection over UDP | 
| H.323 Annex F | Single-use device | 
| T.38 | 规定通过IP网络的第三类实时传真通信过程 | 
| T.120 series | 多媒体会议的数据协议(Data protocols for multimedia conferencing) | 
IETF 的RFC文档和草案
| RFC 2543 | SIP: Session initiation protocol | 
| RFC 2327 | SDP: Session description protocol | 
| Internet Draft | SAP: Session announcement protocol | 
网关控制协议标准
| H.GCP | Proposed recommendations for gateway control protocol | ITU | 
| Internet草案 | MGCP: Media gateway control protocol | IETF | 
| Internet草案 | MEGACO protocol | IETF | 
| 草案 | SGCP: Simple gateway control protocol (简单网关控制协议) | IETF | 
| Internet草案 | IPDC: IP device control (IP 设备控制) | IETF | 
媒体传送协议标准
IETF
| RFC 1889 | RTP: Real-time transport protocol (实时传输协议) | 
| RFC 1889 | RTCP: Real-time transport control protocol (实时传输控制协议) | 
| RFC 2326 | RTSP: Real-time streaming protocol (实时流媒体协议) | 
媒体编码
ITU 部分
| Standard | Algorithm | Bit Rate (Kbit/s) | Typical end-to-end delay (ms) (ex. channel delay) | Resultant Voice Quality | 
| G.711 | PCM | 48, 56, 64 | <<1 | Excellent | 
| G.723.1 | MPE/ACELP | 5.3, 6.3 | 67-97 | Good (6.3), Fair (5.3) | 
| H.728 | LD-CELP | 16 | <<2 | Good | 
| G.729 | CS-ACELP | 8 | 25-35 | Good | 
| G.729 Annex A | CS-ACELP | 8 | 25-35 | Good | 
| G.722 | Sub-band ADPCM | 48, 56, 64 | <<2 | Good | 
| G.726 | ADPCM | 16,24,32,40 | 60 | Good (40), Fair (24) | 
| G.727 | AEDPCM | 16, 24, 32, 40 | 60 | Good (40), Fair (24) | 
 
       
      
        
| Standard | Algorithm | Bit Rate (Kbit/s) | Picture Quality | 
| H.261 | 离散余弦变换(DCT)+运动补偿 | px64p为ISDN B 通道数 | 稍差 | 
| H.263 | H.261的增强版 | 各种速率 | 中等 |